BoND1: B6G Non-Cellular Technologies for Enhanced IoT Connectivity
Subproject 1 of the coordinated project Beyond 6G Integrated Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks for Large-Scale Dynamic Scenarios (BoND), with work on non-cellular IoT networks, LoRa/LoRaWAN, LEO constellations, simulation, AI, cybersecurity and sustainability.
Research Lines
The project combines non-cellular IoT networks, LEO constellations, machine learning, advanced simulation and network security to address applied connectivity challenges.
LPWAN and IIoT network design
Deployment optimization, multi-hop topologies, coverage, random access and behavior in industrial and large-scale scenarios.
Simulation, emulation and resilience
Evaluation of routing, transport, security and simulation frameworks for highly dynamic systems with terrestrial and space nodes.
Intelligent optimization and applied analytics
Machine learning methods to reduce environmental impact, estimate occupancy, improve operational scalability and reinforce infrastructure robustness.
Project Publications
Selected publications linked to project PID2023-148214OB-C21.
17 Sep 2026 · SoftwareX
OpenMC: An open-source software framework for packet-level multi-connectivity experimentation over real and emulated non-terrestrial networks
15 Sep 2026 · Results in Engineering
Hybrid latent-factor and decomposition-based models for cross-location PM2.5 forecasting in Madrid
Sep 2026 · Computer Networks
OSPF in Low Earth Orbit: Stability, overhead, and routing dynamics
27 Aug 2026 · DCOSS-IoT 2026
LEAP: An Adaptive Transmission Strategy for Energy-efficient Positioning in LoRaWAN Networks
- 15 Aug 2026Dispersion and Directional Attenuation in Periodic Acoustic-Black-Hole PlatesApplied Sciences
- 25 Jul 2026Intelligent Carbon-Aware Gateway Placement for Green IoT NetworksFuture Internet
- 11 Jul 2026Energy-Aware Edge Vision for Event-Level Fire Detection with YOLO-Equipped UAVsDrones
- 29 Jun 2026Citywide Air Quality Forecasting over Sparse Sensor Networks: Cross-Location Generalization and Deep Learning Reliability Under Missing DataJournal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
- 22 Jun 2026Electrochemical Biosensor-Based Point-of-Care Device for Metabolic Health MonitoringIEEE Access
- 5 Jun 2026In-band Network Telemetry Orchestration: Models, Advances, and ChallengesComputer Science Review
- 4 Jun 2026Full-Acoustic Assessment of Digital MEMS Microphones for Traffic Noise MonitoringIEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
- 25 May 2026MARLTC: A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning-based Interference-Aware Transmission Control for LoRaWAN IoT DevicesIEEE Internet of Things Journal
- 15 May 2026Emulating large LEO satellite networks with eBPFComputer Networks
- 5 May 2026TRUSTLab dataset: a real-world CICFlowMeter dataset for IoT/edge intrusion detectionFrontiers in Computer Science
- 18 Mar 2026Laptop-scale benchmark of BlockSim, Simewu, and IOTA hornet for network practitionersDiscover Computing
- 17 Mar 2026A hybrid inference pipeline for IDS: Combining DNNs and XGBoost through stacking for real-world intrusion detectionAd Hoc Networks
- 2 Mar 2026FAST-LoRa: An Efficient Simulation Framework for Evaluating LoRaWAN Networks and Transmission Parameter StrategiesIEEE Access
- 21 Feb 2026CADD: Collaborative adaptive duty cycle and data reduction for congestion control in LoRaWANInternet of Things
- 31 Jan 2026Performance of MPTCP over emulated LEO satellite networks with ECMP routingAd Hoc Networks
- 9 Jan 2026Enhancing the hypatia simulator for LEO satellite networks with integrated DoS and DDoS attack capabilitiesInternational Journal of Information Security
- 25 Dec 2025Design and fabrication of an acoustic leaky-wave antenna for underwater applicationsForum Acusticum / EuroNoise 2025
- 19 Nov 2025A Machine Learning Approach for Estimating Person Counts Using Anonymous WiFi Data in a University LibrarySensors
- 17 Sep 2025Trust the Source: A latency-based machine learning approach to accurate IP geolocation in internetComputer Networks
- 27 Aug 2025Carbon footprint optimization of a LoRa-based multi-hop Industrial Internet of Things network deploymentComputers in Industry
- 5 Aug 2025Local pulse wave velocity assessment by flow-guided nanosensor networks for early diagnosing and localization of atherosclerosisIEEE Sensors Journal
- 25 Jul 2025Seamless remote roaming activation in LoRaWAN via an API-driven gateway bridge serviceJournal of Network and Computer Applications
- 16 Jun 2025A Comprehensive Review of ns-3-Based Simulation Frameworks for LEO Satellite Constellations: Capabilities and LimitationsSoftware: Practice and Experience
- 6 Jun 2025Introduction to the DECT NR+ EcosystemEuCNC & 6G Summit 2025
- 7 May 2025Lightweight Blockchain for Data Integrity and Traceability in IoT NetworksIEEE Access
- 9 Apr 2025Minimizing the Carbon Footprint in LoRa-Based IoT Networks: A Machine Learning Perspective on Gateway PositioningIEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society
- 1 Apr 2025Random Access Control in NB-IoT With Model-Based Reinforcement LearningIEEE Internet of Things Journal
- 22 Mar 2025Compliant and Seamless Hybrid (Star and Mesh) Network Topology Coexistence for LoRaWAN: A Proof of ConceptApplied Sciences
- 21 Mar 2025ADRL: A reconfigurable energy-efficient transmission policy for mobile LoRa devices based on reinforcement learningInternet of Things
- 10 Jan 2025Parametric Study and Experimental Validation of Acoustic Leaky Wave Antenna in Spatial LocalizationIEEE Access
- 7 Jan 2025A Novel Proprietary Internet Video Traffic Dataset Generation AlgorithmApplied Sciences
- 2 Jan 2025Understanding displacement of onboard contingents in Navy amphibious shipsPLoS ONE
- 17 Nov 2024A Monitoring System of Crops and Meteorology Parameters by Bringing Together Physical Sensors and Computer Vision CamerasCADAT 2024
- 25 Oct 2024Signal Processing to Characterize and Evaluate Nonlinear Acoustic Signals Applied to Underwater CommunicationsElectronics
- 18 Sep 2024Artificial Intelligence of Behavior for Human Emotion Recognition in Closed EnvironmentsIEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society
Related News
Selected news, demonstrations and technology-transfer initiatives connected with BoND1 lines: non-cellular networks, IoT, environmental monitoring, cybersecurity and international collaboration.
Qartia presents machine-learning-based predictive maintenance at Impulsa Spinoffs
The closing event at the Murcia Science Park presented seven university spin-off projects. Qartia, originating at UPCT, worked on a predictive maintenance model combining statistical analysis and machine learning. This technology-transfer activity connects with intelligent monitoring of industrial systems.
Read on Murcia DiarioQartia participates in Impulsa Spinoffs with sensor and IoT innovation challenges
The programme connects university students with ten UMU and UPCT spin-offs. Qartia contributes expertise in sensors, IoT and monitoring of critical operations. The closing event took place in September 2026.
Read on El Nuevo DigitalExhibition on Jerónimo de Ayanz and underwater technology at the CIM campus
The director of the Jerónimo de Ayanz Chair attended the opening. The exhibition explores historical diving and navigation inventions, while the news item connects this legacy with the UPCT-Defence chair for innovation in underwater security.
Read on UPCTChronological Record
- Technology companies and UPCT show DECT NR+ potential for drone operationsNova Ciencia
- European experts meet at UPCT to advance next-generation wireless communicationsCartagena Actualidad
- New environmental installation in CaliQartia
- María Dolores Cano and Laura García are listed among UPCT women researchers highlighted in the Google Scholar rankingUPCT · Scientific indicators
- Qartia deploys advanced connectivity and environmental sensing in Cabezo BeazaQartia · Industrial deployment
- UPCT Erasmus internships involve international students in an air-quality forecasting projectUPCT · Air quality
- Opener Initiative and DECT NR+: open development for non-cellular connectivityQartia · OpenDECT-X
- Laura Acosta’s PhD thesis optimises LoRaWAN networks to reduce consumption and IoT congestionUPCT · Doctorate
- UPCT researchers create private 5G networks without operators to connect IoT devicesCasaDomo · Private IoT
- Francisco José Alvarado wins second prize in Three Minute Thesis with work on IoT and carbon footprintMurcia Actualidad · Doctorate
- The Cybersecurity Laboratory detects intrusions and attacks on IoT devices using AIUPCT · IoT cybersecurity
- María Dolores Cano on the ISA industrial cybersecurity panelISA · Technical meeting
- UPCT presents innovation prototypes at the European I+D+i Transfiere forumIyMagazine · Transfer
- UPCT honours Alejandro Santos Martínez Sala with its EHEA reference lecturer awardUPCT · Team recognition
- The Spanish Navy and UPCT promote 50 key technology challengesEl Confidencial Digital · Chair
- The Jerónimo de Ayanz Chair presents 50 R&D challenges proposed by Spanish Navy unitsUPCT · Chair
- Qartia integrates IoT technology for seismic monitoring of critical infrastructuresUPCT · Critical infrastructures
- Qartia shows remote monitoring and predictive maintenance for critical assetsQartia · Industry
- Qartia summarises the MIC project in Cala Cortina for seismic and structural monitoringQartia · Infrastructures
- Qartia connects sensing, energy and analytics in a smart photovoltaic greenhouseQartia · Agriculture
- CMN awards UPCT work on cyberdefence, acoustic localisation and industrial monitoringUPCT · Innovation
- USC highlights Julián Murillo’s doctoral training through its agreement with UPCTUSC · International doctoral training
- Semana highlights the USC-UPCT patent for real-time pollution monitoringSemana · Colombia
- TRUST Lab presents cybersecurity, IoT and IT-OT integration work at JITELUPCT · Cybersecurity
- USC and UPCT patent an intelligent environmental monitoring systemUSC · Patent
- Qartia presents private DECT NR+ network advances at DECT Forum 2025Qartia · DECT Forum
- Waykup Forum 2025 includes Qartia in the dual-innovation conversationEl Referente · Ecosystem
- EUT+ and technology companies share IoT, AI and smart-city applications at UPCTUPCT · Transfer
- The Jerónimo de Ayanz Chair launches an open-source underwater simulation hackathonUPCT · Chair and simulation
- CATIE reports Qartia’s participation in Costa Rica’s 5G/6G Testbed launchCATIE · International
- Antonio Javier García gives talks in Costa Rica on industrial 5G applicationsUPCT · International
- Telefónica and UPCT explore dual-technology collaborations with the Jerónimo de Ayanz ChairUPCT · Dual technologies
- Cartagena shows CAETRA and Qartia advances at FEINDEFCadena SER · Defence
- UPCT, the Spanish Navy and companies seek synergies in underwater technologies and submarine dronesUPCT · Chair
- The Jerónimo de Ayanz Chair schedules a workshop on underwater technology and maritime securityCartagena Actualidad · Chair
- SAES and the Spanish Navy explore civil and military underwater-technology projectsMurcia Plaza · Underwater technologies
- UPCT and the Spanish Navy promote underwater research through the Jerónimo de Ayanz ChairMurcia Plaza · Chair
- Qartia receives the technology-based innovative company sealMurcia Diario · Transfer
Data, software and open records
Open outputs and institutional records linked to BoND1 and to the group’s current project lines.
Project · 2024-2027
Institutional BoND1 project record
UPCT Digital Repository record for the project with identifier PID2023-148214OB-C21.
Theses · since September 2024
Doctoral theses linked to BoND1
List of theses defended since the project start and supervised or co-supervised by research-team members in related lines.
Software · v0.1.1
OpenMC: packet-level multi-connectivity software
Open-source Linux framework for coding, path monitoring, multipath scheduling and packet reconstruction over real or emulated non-terrestrial networks. Version 0.1.1 supports reproducible experiments with two IPv4 UDP paths. GNU GPL v3.0 only.
Dataset · Oct 2026 · v1.0
Data for an IoT digital twin of agrivoltaic greenhouses
Data from ten sensor nodes in a Cartagena greenhouse, collected between February and June 2025: soil moisture, ambient light and air temperature. Supports reproducible research on sensor-based digital twins. Version 1.0; CC BY 4.0.
Dataset · Oct 2026 · v1.0
Replication data for carbon-aware LoRa network deployment
Normalised inputs and optimal gateway positions for training, validation and testing of neural models. Each instance contains 30 devices; only deployments whose optimum uses a single gateway are included. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
Dataset · Sep 2026 · v1.0.0
OpenMC Packet-Level Multi-Connectivity Experimental Reproducibility Data
Raw and processed data, configurations and scripts for reproducing multi-connectivity and Reed-Solomon/RaptorQ error-correction experiments over bLEO. Covers latency, scheduling and sustainable rate of the full system. CC BY 4.0 license.
Dataset · 24 Jul 2026 · v0.1.0
ExactKAN ExplainBench: exact KAN explanations of public pretrained ReLU blocks
Token-level activations, exact-equivalence reports, faithful local sensitivities and analytic Integrated Gradients for ReLU blocks algebraically converted into KANs without fitting or retraining. Released under CC0.
Dataset · 12 Jun 2026 · v1.3
Data for citywide air-quality forecasting over sparse sensor networks
Extended Madrid and Cali data for evaluating cross-location generalization and reliability under missing data in deep-learning models.
Software · 19 May 2026 · v2.2.0
bLEO: eBPF emulator for large-scale LEO networks
Linux tool based on containers, eBPF and namespaces to emulate dynamic LEO constellations.
Dataset · 6 Mar 2026 · v1.0
Replication data for «Scalable Redundancy-Based Reduction of Monitoring Stations for Deep Cross-Location Air Quality Forecasting»
Extension with Madrid, Cali and London data for cross-location air-quality forecasting.
Dataset · 2026
TRUST Lab Dataset
CICFlowMeter dataset for IoT/edge intrusion detection with single-class sessions and unambiguous labels.
Dataset · 2026
Replication data for UAV fire detection
FLAME-derived data for evaluating YOLOv5, fire tracking and selective-transmission strategies with energy and event-level recall criteria.
Dataset · 15 Jul 2025
RTT latency measurements in Europe
RTT measurements from distributed monitors for machine-learning research in IP geolocation.
About Us
The team combines expertise in IoT communications, satellite networks, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and technology transfer.
Research Team
- Rafael Asorey Cacheda (Principal investigator)
- Juan Pedro Muñoz Gea (Co-principal investigator)
- Joan García Haro
- Antonio Javier García Sánchez
- María Dolores Cano Baños
- Juan José Alcaraz Espín
- José María Malgosa Sanahuja
- Pilar Manzanares López
- Alejandro Santos Martínez Sala
- Fernando Losilla López
- Juan Carlos Jacobo Aarnoutse Sánchez
- María Mercedes Campo Valera (Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, UNIR)
- Laura García García
Team track record: 13 PhD holders, 46 supervised doctoral theses and 205 JCR articles since 2013.
Working Team
- Francisco José Alvarado Alcón
- Francisco Jesús Sánchez Rubio
- Laura del Carmen Acosta García
- Alejandro Fernández Garrido
Team history
- Iván Tomás García (2025-2026)