A Comprehensive Review of ns-3-Based Simulation Frameworks for LEO Satellite Constellations: Capabilities and Limitations

Project publication · Software: Practice and Experience

Summary

The article reviews ns-3-based simulation frameworks for LEO constellations, comparing the capabilities, limitations and maturity of the available tools.

Flujo de simulación de Hypatia mediante satgenpy y ns-3
Figure 3. Hypatia workflow: topology generation with satgenpy and simulation with ns-3. Source: Software: Practice and Experience / Wiley; reproduced with attribution under CC BY-NC 4.0.

Main contribution

The review organizes the state of the art in simulators for low-Earth-orbit satellite networks and helps identify which aspects are well covered and which require further development.

Resultados y alcance

La comparación revela diferencias sustanciales entre los marcos ns-3 en movilidad orbital, encaminamiento, handover, generación de topologías y mantenimiento. Ninguna herramienta cubre por completo todos los requisitos, por lo que la revisión ofrece una guía de selección y señala carencias de validación y reproducibilidad.

Link with BoND1

BoND1 needs reliable tools to evaluate non-cellular connectivity in terrestrial and space scenarios. This review supports the selection of simulation platforms and guides future extensions for studying LEO networks with greater realism.

DOIPublisherUPCT Repository

Project publication · Software: Practice and Experience

Summary

The article reviews ns-3-based simulation frameworks for LEO constellations, comparing capabilities, limitations, and maturity of available tools.

Hypatia simulation flow using satgenpy and ns-3
Figure 3. Hypatia flow: topology generation with satgenpy and simulation with ns-3. Source: Software: Practice and Experience / Wiley; reproduced with attribution under CC BY-NC 4.0.

Bibliometric indicators

JCR quartileQ2
Impact factor3.5
Google Scholar citations5
JCR area
Computer Science, Software Engineering
JCR year
2025
Scholar query
26 October 2026

Main contribution

The review organizes the state of the art of simulators for low-orbit satellite networks and helps identify which aspects are well covered and which require additional development.

Results and scope

The comparison reveals substantial differences between the ns-3 frameworks in orbital mobility, routing, handover, topology generation, and maintenance. No tool completely covers all requirements, so the review provides a selection guide and points out gaps in validation and reproducibility.

Link with BoND1

BoND1 needs reliable tools to evaluate non-cellular connectivity in terrestrial and space scenarios. This review supports the selection of simulation platforms and guides future extensions to study LEO networks with greater realism.

DOIPublisherUPCT Repository

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